Isikhunta sisixhobo esisisiseko senkqubo yeshishini leemoto. Ngaphezulu kwama-90% eendawo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yeemoto kufuneka zenziwe yisikhunta. Ngokutsho kukaLuo Baihui, ingcali yesikhunta, kufuneka iisikhunta ezili-1,500 ukwenza imoto eqhelekileyo, apho kusetyenziswa iisikhunta ezingaphezu kwe-1,000. Ekuphuhlisweni kweemodeli ezintsha, i-90% yomsebenzi wenziwa malunga nokutshintsha kweprofayili yomzimba. Malunga nama-60% eendleko zophuhliso lweemodeli ezintsha zisetyenziselwa uphuhliso lweenkqubo zomzimba kunye nezixhobo zokustampa. Malunga nama-40% eendleko zokwenziwa kwezithuthi ziindleko zokustampa umzimba kunye nokuhlanganiswa.
Ekuphuhlisweni kweshishini leemoto ezibumbayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ubuchwepheshe beemowudi bubonise ezi ndlela zilandelayo zophuhliso.
1. Inkqubo yokulinganisa isitampu (CAE) ibaluleke ngakumbi
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwesoftware yekhompyutha kunye nezixhobo, iteknoloji yokulinganisa (i-CAE) yenkqubo yokwenza isitampu idlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi. Kumazwe aphuhlileyo afana ne-United States, iJapan, neJamani, iteknoloji ye-CAE ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwesikhunta kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuqikelela iziphene zokwenza, ukuphucula inkqubo yokusinta kunye nesakhiwo sesikhunta, ukuphucula ukuthembeka koyilo lwesikhunta, kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuvavanya isikhunta. Iinkampani ezininzi zesikhunta zeemoto zasekhaya nazo zenze inkqubela phambili enkulu ekusebenziseni i-CAE kwaye zafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-CAE kunokonga kakhulu iindleko zesikhunta zovavanyo kwaye kufinyeze umjikelo wophuhliso lwesikhunta zokusika, eziye zaba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho wesikhunta. Iteknoloji ye-CAE itshintsha kancinci uyilo lwesikhunta ukusuka kuyilo oluvela kwi-empiric ukuya kuyilo lwesayensi.
2. Indawo yoyilo lwe-mold 3D ihlanganisiwe
Uyilo lwesikhunta olunemilinganiselo emithathu luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji yesikhunta yedijithali kwaye lusisiseko sokudibanisa uyilo lwesikhunta, ukuvelisa kunye nokuhlola. Iinkampani ezifana neToyota kunye neGeneral Motors zase-United States ziye zaqonda uyilo lwesikhunta olunemilinganiselo emithathu kwaye zafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo zokusetyenziswa. Ezinye iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo kuyilo lwesikhunta lwe-3D kwamanye amazwe zifanelekile ukuba sibhekisele kuzo. Ukongeza ekubeni zilungele ukufezekiswa kokuveliswa okudibeneyo, uyilo lwesikhunta olunemilinganiselo emithathu lunenye inzuzo yokuba kulula ukuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka kwaye lunokwenza uhlalutyo lokuphazamiseka kwentshukumo, olusombulula ingxaki kuyilo olunemilinganiselo emibini.
Okwesithathu, iteknoloji yedijithali yokubumba iye yaba yindlela ephambili
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwetekhnoloji ye-mold yedijithali yindlela esebenzayo yokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ezijongene nophuhliso lwe-molds zeemoto. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yitekhnoloji ye-mold yedijithali kukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yekhompyutha okanye itekhnoloji encediswa yikhompyutha (CAX) kwinkqubo yoyilo kunye nemveliso ye-mold. Ukushwankathela amava aphumeleleyo eenkampani ze-mold zemoto zasekhaya nezangaphandle ekusebenziseni itekhnoloji encediswa yikhompyutha, itekhnoloji ye-mold yemoto yedijithali ibandakanya ikakhulu ezi zinto zilandelayo: ① Uyilo lwe-manufacturability (DFM), oko kukuthi, i-manufacturability iyaqwalaselwa kwaye ihlalutywe ngexesha loyilo ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yenkqubo. ②Itekhnoloji encedisayo yoyilo lweprofayili ye-mold, phuhlisa itekhnoloji yoyilo lweprofayili ekrelekrele. ③CAE inceda ekuhlalutyeni nasekunyatheleni inkqubo yokwenza, ukuqikelela nokusombulula iziphene ezinokubakho kunye neengxaki zokwenza. ④ Buyisela uyilo lwendabuko olunemilinganiselo emibini ngoyilo lwesakhiwo se-mold olunemilinganiselo emithathu. ⑤Inkqubo yokwenza i-mold isebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-CAPP, CAM kunye ne-CAT. ⑥ Phantsi kwesikhokelo setekhnoloji yedijithali, jongana kwaye usombulule iingxaki ezivela kwinkqubo yovavanyo lwe-mold kunye nemveliso ye-stamping.
Okwesine, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-automation processing mold
Itekhnoloji yokucubungula ephucukileyo kunye nezixhobo zisisiseko esibalulekileyo sokuphucula imveliso nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso. Akuqhelekanga ukuba iinkampani eziphucukileyo zokubumba iimoto zibe nezixhobo zomatshini ze-CNC ezineetafile zomsebenzi ezimbini, izixhobo zokutshintsha izixhobo ezizenzekelayo (i-ATC), iinkqubo zokulawula i-photoelectric zokucubungula ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisa umsebenzi kwi-intanethi. Ukucubungula ngokulawula amanani kuye kwaphuhliswa ukusuka ekucwangcisweni okulula kweprofayili ukuya ekucwangcisweni okubanzi kweprofayili kunye nemiphezulu yesakhiwo, ukusuka ekucwangcisweni okuphakathi nokuphantsi ukuya ekucwangcisweni okukhawulezayo, kwaye uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokulungisa okuzenzakalelayo lukhawuleza kakhulu.
5. Itekhnoloji yokunyathela ipleyiti yesinyithi enamandla aphezulu yindlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Intsimbi enamandla aphezulu ineempawu ezibalaseleyo ngokwemilinganiselo yesivuno, iimpawu zokuqina koxinzelelo, amandla okusasazwa koxinzelelo, kunye nokufunxwa kwamandla okungqubana, kunye nobungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwiimoto kuyaqhubeka nokwanda. Okwangoku, iintsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ezisetyenziswa kwi-automotive stampings ziquka intsimbi yokuqinisa ipeyinti (intsimbi ye-BH), intsimbi yesigaba esiphindwe kabini (intsimbi ye-DP), kunye nentsimbi ye-plasticity ebangelwa yi-phase transformation (intsimbi ye-TRIP). I-International Ultra Light Body Project (ULSAB) iqikelela ukuba i-97% yesithuthi esiphambili (ULSAB—AVC) eyasungulwa ngo-2010 iya kuba yintsimbi enamandla aphezulu. Umlinganiselo wentsimbi enamandla aphezulu kwizixhobo zesithuthi uya kudlula i-60%, kwaye umlinganiselo wentsimbi yesigaba esiphindwe kabini uya kuba yi-74% yeepleyiti zentsimbi zezithuthi. Uthotho lwentsimbi ethambileyo olusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-IF steel luya kuba luchungechunge lwepleyiti yentsimbi enamandla aphezulu, kwaye intsimbi enamandla aphantsi e-alloy iya kuba yintsimbi yesigaba esiphindwe kabini kunye nepleyiti yentsimbi enamandla aphezulu. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kweepleyiti zentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu kwiindawo zeemoto zasekhaya kukhawulelwe kwiindawo zesakhiwo kunye nemiqadi, kwaye amandla okutsalwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo angaphantsi kwe-500MPa. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza itekhnoloji yokunyathela iipleyiti zentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu yingxaki ebalulekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe ngokukhawuleza kushishino lwemold yemoto yelizwe lam.
6. Iimveliso ezintsha zesikhunta ziya kuqaliswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo
Ngophuhliso lokusebenza kakuhle nangokuzenzekelayo kwemveliso yokustampa iimoto, ukusetyenziswa kwee-progressive dies ekuveliseni iindawo zokustampa iimoto kuya kuba kukhulu ngakumbi. Iindawo zokustampa ezintsonkothileyo, ingakumbi ezinye iindawo ezincinci neziphakathi ezintsonkothileyo zokustampa ezifuna iiseti ezininzi zee-punching dies ngokwenkqubo yendabuko, zenziwa ngakumbi zii-progressive dies. I-Progressive die luhlobo lwemveliso yokubumba yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, enzima ngobuchwephesha, ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokwenziwa, kwaye inomjikelo omde wemveliso. I-progressive die yezikhululo ezininzi iya kuba yenye yeemveliso zokubumba ezibaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe lam.
Isixhenxe, izinto zokubumba kunye netekhnoloji yonyango lomphezulu ziya kusetyenziswa kwakhona
Umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwezinto zokubumba zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela umgangatho, ubomi kunye neendleko zokubumba. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukongeza ekuqaliseni rhoqo iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentsimbi zokubumba eziqinileyo nezinokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, iintsimbi zokubumba ezicinyiweyo ngamalangatye, kunye neentsimbi zokubumba ezicoliweyo zepowder metallurgy, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo zesinyithi eziphosiweyo kwiidayi ezinkulu neziphakathi zokubumba phesheya. Ixhala malunga nendlela yophuhliso. Isinyithi esinobuqhophololo sinokuqina okuhle kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, ukusebenza kwaso kokuwelda, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza kokuqina komphezulu nako kulungile, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi kunesinyithi esiphosiweyo se-alloy, ngoko ke sisetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiidayi zokubumba zeemoto.
8. Ulawulo lwesayensi kunye nokwazisa yindlela yophuhliso lwamashishini okubumba
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-11-2021